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One-dimensional barcode is a mark composed of a set of regularly arranged bars, spaces and corresponding characters, these bars and blanks composed of data to express certain information, and can be read with specific equipment, converted to computer-compatible binary and decimal information.

1D barcode expresses information in one direction only, usually in the horizontal direction, and the height of the vertical direction is usually to facilitate the alignment of the reader. Usually for each kind of item, its code is unique. For ordinary one-dimensional barcode, it is also necessary to establish the correspondence between the barcode and the commodity information through the database, and when the data of the barcode is transmitted to the computer, the application program on the computer will operate and process the data. Therefore, the ordinary one-dimensional barcode is only used as identification information in the process of using, and its significance is realized by extracting the corresponding information in the database of the computer system, thus, it shows a strong dependence on the network resources and the backend database.

There are about more than 225 kinds of 1D barcodes in the world, and each kind of 1D barcode has its own set of coding specifications, which stipulate that each letter (which may be a character or a number or a text number) is composed of a few Bar and a few Space, as well as the arrangement of the letters. At present, the international widely used bar code types are EAN, UPC code (commodity bar code, used in the world to uniquely identify a commodity, we are in the supermarket in the most common is this bar code), Code39 code, Code128 code, Code93 code, cross 25 code (in the logistics management in the application of the more), Codebar code (used in the field of health care, books) and so on.

Among them, EAN code is the widely used commodity bar code in today's world, which has become the basis of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI); UPC code is mainly used in the United States and Canada; Codebar code is widely used in the business of blood banks, libraries and photo libraries; Code39 code and Code128 code are the customized code system for the domestic enterprises, and the length of bar code and information can be determined according to the needs of the enterprises, which are mainly used in the field of industrial production line, the field of logistics management, and the field of medical treatment and books. Code39 and Code128 are the customized code system of domestic enterprises, which can determine the length and information of barcode according to the needs, and are mainly used in industrial production line, library management, etc. Code93 is similar to Code39, but with higher density, which can be used to replace Code39.

The application of one-dimensional bar code can improve the speed of information entry and reduce the error rate, but it also has the disadvantages of small data capacity, only expressing letters and numbers, low space utilization, relying on related databases, low confidentiality, poor readability after defacement, and so on.